Progressive failure mechanism in one-dimensional stability analysis of shallow slope failures   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Chia-Nan Liu 《Landslides》2009,6(2):129-137

In many slopes, overstressed zones can develop where the shear stress is larger than the available shear strength. Along a shear surface within a soil exhibiting a strain-softening behavior, the shear displacement increases while the available shear strength decreases. The excess shear stress is transferred from the overstressed zone to the adjacent zones, providing more shear strength. This stress-transferring mechanism induces stress redistribution within the slope and could enlarge the overstress zone. A one-dimensional model that satisfies the strain compatibility and force equilibrium is proposed for the stability analysis of a slope of strain-softening behavior. This paper’s objective is to facilitate the application of this model to estimate stress distribution along the failure surface of a strain-softening slope and thereafter the stability status. The study presents a set of specific solutions to this model by describing and demonstrating procedures to identify the pattern of a stress state and to calculate stress distribution within a one-dimensional, strain-softening slope. The progressive failure mechanism is also investigated by using the proposed approach. As the magnitude of released stress gets large enough, it induces an overstressed zone adjacent to the initial unstable zone and progressive failure develops. The proposed approach is also applied to study the pattern of stress redistribution. It is found that the pattern of stress redistribution is affected by the magnitude of released stress. It is too complex to be reasonably expressed by simple models. Though some limitations exist, the proposed approach serves as a simple tool for a better understanding of the progressive failure mechanism.  相似文献   

酸碱性风化作用对找矿的意义和指示作用     

李宗芳  刘炳璋 《四川地质学报》2013,(4):385-388

表生地球化学酸碱性风化,对矿体氧化露头成矿元素的滞留或流失、分散或次生富集具有明显的控制作用。本文讨论在不同的酸碱性风化条件下,成矿元素按其本身的地球化学性状,另行组成适合表生环境的稳定化合物或矿物。进行元素再分配。利用成矿元素的地化性状,对元素表生地化行迹顺向追踪其次生富集,逆向追踪原生矿的矿物组合和元素组合,从中提炼找矿信息,指示找矿评价工作。  相似文献   

Soil water content vertical profiles under natural conditions: matching of experiments and simulations by a conceptual model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

R. Morbidelli  C. Saltalippi  A. Flammini  E. Rossi  C. Corradini 《水文研究》2014,28(17):4732-4742

The prediction of soil moisture content, θ, as a function of depth, z, and time, t, is of fundamental importance for applications in many hydrological processes. The main objective of this paper is to provide an approach to solve this problem at a local scale in soils with vegetation. The matching of soil moisture vertical profiles observed under natural conditions in grassy plots and their simulations by a conceptual model is presented. Experimental measurements were performed in a plot located in Central Italy, complete with hydrometeorological sensors specifically set up and equipped with a time domain reflectometry system providing the water content, θ_e(z, t). A conceptual model framework earlier proposed for two‐layered soil vertical profiles was modified and adopted for simulations. The changes concern the incorporation of evapotranspiration, the reduction of the original model for applications also to homogeneous soil vertical profiles, and a correction for the differences existing between assumed and observed initial moisture contents. In the model calibration, it was found that the effects of vegetation could be represented adequately by a fictitious soil vertical profile with a more permeable upper layer of saturated hydraulic conductivity, K_s, independent of time. Then, for the validation events, the model simulations in the stages of both infiltration and redistribution/evapotranspiration reproduced appropriately θ_e(z, t) with typical values of root mean square error in the range 0.0017–0.0657. Similar results were obtained by applying the modified two‐layered model for simulations of experimental data observed in three other plots located in Northern Italy and Germany. For all four vegetated sites, the two‐layer profile better matched the experimental data than the assumption of a homogeneous profile. Thus, the conceptual approach based on a two‐layered scheme for representing θ(z, t) in soils with vegetation appears to be appropriate for many hydrological applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于OpenSees的混凝土结构连续倒塌分析中的从属节点建模技术     

蒋碧聪  何政  朱胜 《地震学刊》2014,(5):632-636

对重大工程结构进行强地震作用下的连续倒塌全过程分析并建立相应的设计与控制方法,已成为当前地震工程领域的发展趋势。目前,由于数值求解方面的困难,绝大多数针对极端作用下的结构连续倒塌的研究止步于数值临界状态的界定,在分析过程中不能实时地对结构构件的损伤状态进行监测并根据构件的损伤状态对分析模型进行修改。为了实现连续倒塌过程中构件的逐步失效,在OpenSees程序中,基于Beam with Hinges Element构建了端部带附属节点的Beam with Hinges Element,并根据构件失效情况对附属节点的多点约束进行控制。采用三次静力凝聚方法和Newmark-beta法,给出了对此改进建模技术可信的理论背景,方法的准确性通过一个简单框架算例得到了验证。  相似文献   

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刘任莉  李建成  褚永海 《大地测量与地球动力学》2012,32(2):39-43

????GRACE?????????????2003-01??2010-12?μ???????????????????????й??????????仯??????????????????????????????????????????????????仯??????????????????GRACE??????????仯??????????????????2009-09??2010-04?μ???????????????????????????  相似文献   

水分再分布过程中指流特性及影响因素的实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李贺丽    李怀恩  胥彦玲 《地理科学进展》2010,29(2):173-178

水分在土壤中的运移过程可分为土体表面存在水分供给的入渗过程和水分供给结束后水分在土体中的再分布过程两个阶段。指流作为一种优先流,区别于大孔隙流和漏斗流。国外已有研究指出,指流可以在充分供水结束后的土壤水分再分布过程中出现。然而,目前国内对指流的研究极少,对其认识和理解也相当缺乏。由此,本文采用石英砂介质对其进行了实验验证,分析了水分再分布过程中指流的特性;同时探讨了前期供水量、实验土箱尺寸、溶液浓度等因素对其发育的影响。研究结果表明,水分再分布过程中,均匀砂质土体中易于出现指流;前期供水量的多少对随后水分再分布过程中指流发育的最终形态影响不大,但能够对指流发育进程产生明显的影响;实验土箱较小时,可使原来指流发生比较明显的土体系统呈现出稳定形态;增大单一溶液的浓度对指流发育有着明显的促进作用,但其指流现象较采用自来水的处理为弱。  相似文献   

恒载作用下损伤梁的弯矩重分布研究     

王英  尹铸华  赵人达 《岩土力学》2006,27(Z1):122-126

根据等效刚度原理定义损伤程度,对损伤采用损伤位置、损伤程度和损伤长度三个参数来描述,从材料力学平面弯曲理论出发,运用小变形的平面弯曲挠曲线近似微分方程,并引入损伤程度的定义,推导出恒载作用下两端固定损伤梁弯矩方程的隐含表达式。对恒载作用下两端固定损伤梁进行了各种损伤情况下弯矩重分布的对比分析,总结出了其弯矩重分布规律。本研究的目的是期望为桥梁的健康检测、损伤识别理论研究奠定基础。  相似文献   

Evaluation of seasonal patterns of hydraulic redistribution in a humid subtropical area,East China     

Long Sun  Lei Yang  Liding Chen  Haw Yen  Fangkai Zhao  Shoujuan Li 《水文研究》2020,34(4):1052-1062

Antecedent soil moisture or soil moisture status has a great impact on hydrological processes. Hydraulic redistribution (HR), a widely observed phenomenon, is defined as water distributed (typically at night) from moist soil to drier soil via plant roots, which plays an important role in soil moisture replenishment. Knowledge on seasonal patterns of HR and on the relationship between HR and soil water use is not fully understood. We investigated temporal variations in HR and total daily water use (Δθ) at stands of camphor and peach by monitoring soil moisture content in a humid region in eastern China. HR at the three locations reached its maximum values in summer (0.68 mm d⁻¹ to 1.15 mm d⁻¹) at depths of 15 cm and 35 cm. Redistributed water replenished 41% of water depleted in the soil at a 5–45-cm depth. Interestingly, normalized HR (i.e., HR/Δθ) showed a constant pattern during the growing season implying it is independent of seasonal climate alterations. This also indicated that HR had a stable effect on the replenishment of daily water use. Positive linear relationships between HR and Δθ were found at three measuring locations (camphor: R² = .35, p < .01; peach1: R² = .57, p < .01; peach2: R² = .63, p < .01), suggesting a relatively stable inherent linkage between HR and Δθ. This study suggested that hydrological processes involving soil moisture status or antecedent soil moisture, needs to take the HR effect into account across timescales from intraday to seasonal.  相似文献   

我国GPS基准站地壳垂直位移周年变化的气象激发   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

张诗玉  钟敏  闫昊明  陆洋 《测绘科学》2004,29(2):34-36

利用全球大气、海洋、积雪和土壤水的地表质量负荷资料 ,计算了中国GPS基准网 2 4个台站垂向位移周年变化的气象激发 ,得到振幅 5mm10mm的高程变化。通过与GPS观测资料解算的垂向位移结果比较 ,大部分台站的结果与GPS结果在振幅上符合比较好 ,但相位普遍超前一到二个月  相似文献   

高分辨地电阻率探测与互联网络远程监测煤田火烧区          下载免费PDF全文

曹清华  闫述  薛国强  朱娜 《地球物理学报》2017,60(1):424-429

为发现、治理、监控煤田火烧区,将互联网的创新成果深度融合于传统地勘技术领域之中,开发了具有探测火烧区范围和中心温度、连续采集、高温传感、远程遥控等主要功能的永久性的无线传感器网络远程监测系统.研发出新型传感器节点,能够与单极-偶极装置互联储存并发送探测数据,同时将高温探头直接放置于地下火烧区巷道进行监测;通过带保护电路的太阳能供电装置,为现场数据采集网络提供了持续充足的能源;由移动通信网和互联网将信号传送到监测中心,实现远程控制监测;在新疆地区的12个火烧区同时部署了所研发的监测系统,至今已工作45个月,表明采取的技术措施可以保障监测系统的免维护长期稳定运行.乌鲁木齐监测中心收到110多万条现场信息,授权后可任意查询、永久保存,为新疆大面积煤田自燃火区的治理和保卫治理成果,提供基础数据.研究结果表明,充分发挥互联网在地球物理探测监测中的优化和集成作用,对提升煤田地质基勘查的创新和生产能力,具有重要的意义.  相似文献